Macaca

Macaca est genus mammalium gregalium subfamiliae Cercopithecinarum familiae Cercopithecidarum. Cui sunt viginti tres species, quae terras per Asiam et Africam Septentrionalem et in Europa (Macacis sylvanis solum in Gibraltaria) habitant. Plerumque frugivorae sunt, fructus edules petentes, quamquam earum diaeta etiam semina, folia, flores, arborumque corticem comprehendit. Aliquot species, sicut Macaca fascicularis, solum invertebratis et aliquando parvis vertebratis vescuntur. Macacae nemestrinae in Malaesia circiter septuaginta magnos rattos quotannis consumunt.^[1]^[2] Omnes macacarum greges sociales sunt matriarchici, in feminas positi.^[3]

Macaca radiata in Manegaon Maharashtrae Indiae

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Mammalia
Ordo : Primates
Subordo : Haplorhini
Infraordo : Simiiformes
Familia : Cercopithecidae
Subfamilia : Cercopithecinae
Genus : Macaca
Lacépède, 1799

Subdivisiones: Species

Vide commentarium.

Species typica

Macaca sylvanus Linnaeus, 1766

Species recensere

Anno 2005, auctores summarii Mammal Species of the World has species et greges specierum agnoverunt, praeter Macacam leucogenys, quae anno 2015 primum descripta est.

Greges	Binomen	Distributio geographica	Status conservationis
Grex Macacae sylvanae	Macaca sylvanus	Algeria, Marocum, Gibraltaria	In periculum addicta
Grex Macacae nemestrinae	Macaca silenus	Occidentales ghat Indiae Meridianae	In periculum addicta
	Macaca nemestrina	Thailandia meridiana, Malaesia, Indonesia	Vulnerabilis
	Macaca leonina	Bangladesia, Cambodia, Sina, India, Laotia, Birmania, Thailandia, Vietnamia	Vulnerabilis
	Macaca pagensis	Sumatra	In periculum critice addicta
	Macaca siberu	Siberut insula in Indonesia	Vulnerabilis
	Macaca maura	Celebis in Indonesia	In periculum addicta
	Macaca ochreata	Celebis insula Indonesiae	Vulnerabilis
	Macaca tonkeana	Celebis media et insulae Togianae proximae in Indonesia	Vulnerabilis
	Macaca hecki	Celebis in Indonesia	Vulnerabilis
	Macaca nigrescens	Celebis in Indonesia	Vunerabilis
	Macaca nigra	Celebis et Bacan in Indonesia	In periculum critice addicta
Grex Macacae fascicularis	Macaca fascicularis	Asia Meridio-Orientalis	Minimae curae
Grex Macacae fascicularis	Macaca arctoides	Sina meridiana, India, Malaesia, Birmania, Thailandia, Laotia, Cambodia, Vietnamia	Vulnerabilis
Grex Macacae mulattae	Macaca mulatta	Asia meridiana, media, meridio-orientalis	Minimae curae
	Macaca cyclopis	Taivania	Minimae curae
	Macaca fuscata	Iaponia	Minimae curae
Grex Macacae sinicae	Macaca sinica	Srilanca	In periculum addicta
	Macaca radiata	India	Minimae curae
	Macaca assamensis	Bhutania, Arunachal Pradesh, Assamia, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagalandia, Sikkim, et Tripura in India septentrionali et orientali ad Myanmar septentrionalem et Sinam	Near Threatened
	Macaca thibetana	A Tibeto orientali ac Guangdong et ad septentriones ad Shaanxi in Sinis	Paene in minas addicta
	Macaca munzala	Arunachal Pradesh in India septentrione et orientali	In periculum addicta
	Macaca leucogenys^[4]	Tibetum meridianum et orientale et Arunachal Pradesh in India septentrione et orientali	Ignota

Species praehistoricae recensere

Saltem quinque species praehistoricae fossilibus agnoscuntur.

Macaca anderssoni Schlosser, 1924
Macaca jiangchuanensis Pan et al., 1992.^[5]
Macaca libyca Stromer, 1920
Macaca majori Schaub & Azzaroli in Comaschi Caria, 1969 (aliquando in Macaca sylvanus digesta)
Macaca florentina Cocchi, 1872

Pinacotheca recensere

Macaca arctoides
Macaca fuscata in Iaponia
Macaca nemestrina
Macaca nigra
Macaca fuscata in Iaponia
Macaca fuscata in Sagano
Macaca sinica in Srilanca
Macacae in Malaesia
Macaca digitum medium monstrat in Indonesia

Nexus interni

Notae recensere

Macaca fascicularis in scooter ad Ko Chang Thailandiae.

Cortex praemotoricus macacarum late investigatur.^[6]

↑ Keach, Sean (22 Octobris 2019). "Rat-eating monkeys in Malaysia stun scientists" .
↑ Guy, Jack (22 Octobris 2019). "Rat-eating macaques could boost palm oil sustainability in Malaysia". CNN .
↑ Fleagle, John G. (8 Martii 2013). Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Academic. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-12-378633-3 .
↑ Li, C.; Zhao, C.; Fan, P. (25 Mar 2015). "White-cheeked macaque (Macaca leucogenys): A new macaque species from Modog, southeastern Tibet". American Journal of Primatology 77 (7): 753–766 .
↑ Hartwig, Walter Carl (2002). The primate fossil record. Cambridge University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-521-66315-1 .
↑ Boussaoud, D.; Tanné-Gariépy, J.; Wannier, T.; Rouiller, E. M. (2005). "Callosal connections of dorsal versus ventral premotor areas in the macaque monkey: A multiple retrograde tracing study". BMC Neuroscience 6: 67 .

Bibliographia recensere

Bourne, Geoffrey H., ed. 1975. The Rhesus monkey. 2 vol. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. ISBN 0121193012 (v. 1), ISBN 0121193020 (v. 2).
Heltne, Paul G., ed. 1985. The Lion-tailed macaque: status and conservation. Novi Eboraci: New York : A.R. Liss. ISBN 084513406X.
Nakagawa, Naofumi, Masayuki Nakamichi, et Hideki Sugiura, eds. 2010. The Japanese macaques. Tocione et Novi Eboraci: Springer. ISBN 9784431538851, ISBN 4431538852, ISBN 9784431538868 (e-ISBN), ISBN 4431538860 (e-ISBN).
Thierry, Bernard, Mewa Singh, et Werner Kaummanns, eds. 2004. Macaque societies: a model for the study of social organization. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521818478.